Institutions
- Gautama Buddha attained Enlightenment, and began his ministry.
Technology
- Coins started to have images on both sides.
Governance
- After Pisistratus of Athens dies: his son Hippias inherits his power.
- Smerdis is ruler of Persia.
Commerce
525 AD
Institutions
- Rome's Colosseum suffers damage from an earthquake as it did in 422.
- The Benedictine order of monks is established at Monte Cassino near Naples by Benedict of Nursia, 49, who founds a monastery on the mountaintop overlooking fertile valleys that are subject to frequent invasion as the Roman Empire crumbles. Benedict formulates strict rules in his Regula Monachorum. Benedict inaugurates monasticism in western Europe.
- A Christian basilica is completed at Leptis Magna in North Africa.
- Provence becomes part of the Frankish kingdom.
- A monastery is founded at Beneventum by Cassiodorus.
Technology
- The Susruta medical book that will become a classic of medicine in India is compiled.
- The aged Byzantine emperor Anastasius I constructs a wall from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara in an effort to protect Constantinople from raiding Bulgarians and Slavs.
- Alexandrian explorer-geographer Cosmas Indicopleustes travels up the Nile. He will venture as far to the east as Ceylon, become a monk, and write Topographia Christiana to vindicate the biblical account of the world.
- A magnificent tomb is erected at Ravenna for the late Theodoric the Great.
Governance
- The Byzantine emperor Anastasius I agrees to pay his share of defending the Caucasian Gates against invasions from east Asia and makes peace with Persia.
- The Visigoth king Alaric II issues the Lex Romana Visigothorum, or Breviary of Alaric.
- Alaric II eases up on his persecution of Catholics who oppose his Arian beliefs and authorizes a Catholic council at Agde.
Commerce
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